Now, in this lecture, we're going to start distinguishing the different type of industrial embedded
systems that are in the market.
There are a lot of embedded system in the market.
There are hundreds and thousands of electronic boards that you can see and you can use, but there is
some distinguishable categories that we are going to notice.
So the most common for some of the top five embedded systems we can see in the market or FPGA is we
know is not only users, blueberries and p.l.c..
Of course, there are other type of microcontrollers, industrial microcontrollers, but those are the
best way to start with this domain.
I mean, if you can master these, I can assure you you can get a job anywhere or you can start your
own company and embedded systems.
Now, we're going to start talking about this one by one.
Are we going to start with FPGA specifically?
So it looks like a regular embedded system board does not look like anything special, but it's the
only device that you can design your own Aleuts memory logic gates just by drawing those circuits and
programming your circuits.
So.
That's so you can create your own processer, you can create your own GBU, you can create your own
Aliu and just put it on the ship.
That's a huge Rebelution because instead of buying a microcontroller, you can create your own microcontroller
inside this FPGA.
OK, let's assume that you need multiple Alio slices or you need some accelerator for your hardware.
The best way to do that is by programming your own FPGA.
And the FPGA industry is really huge in any kind of electronic application, especially the military
application.
I mean, usually when any electronic system designer is trying to design a new system, the prototype
using an FPGA, because instead of going and building this customized chip, well, and it costs like
hundreds, thousands of dollars, you can just prototype it and draw your own circuit and just burn
it.
On this blog, they use special languages called VDL, another one that's called very low.
There's also a system where log systems see all of these languages can be used to program FPGA, but
the most common ones are still available.
I mean, do you remember our half adir that contained an X or an end and gate and it can sum up bits
together?
Well, we could reprogram it just like that and then burn it here.
And this whole embedded boite is going to turn into a half add or we can combine those others together,
we can combine memories and stuff, and you can create a full customized microcontroller on this.
And I'm going to dedicate a whole section on this new technology, which is called Appreciate it.
Might sound like something new to you is even if you are in the embedded systems industry, I mean,
even the embedded system industry don't know a lot about officiates.
That's why I want to build a concrete background for you so that you can understand FPGA, because if
you understand it, actually you can understand any microcontrollers because any microcontroller is
created by customized FPGA is like those.
I mean your prototype, your microcontroller on here and then you go and manufacture and a microcontroller
chip like the adrenals one.
I mean, you could design a whole Adreno hardware inside this chip and use this board as an original.
And I doing what actually is the brand name for the atmosphere, 32 microcontroller.
So right now, let's jump to the Arduino in order to understand and how do we know we need to understand
eight with microcontroller because this is the Adreno is nothing but an 80 mega 32 microcontroller.
So a microcontroller contains an Aliu, a memory, a GP and the Flash, we have talked about your arms,
we have talked about Aleuts, but we did not talk about Flash and Galio.
Actually, a flash is very similar to the RAM.
It's a memory type of memory, a much faster one.
But what we do here is restore our program.
I mean, just I'm going to give you a very simple example.
If you go back to this FPGA, see this code, this code is going to be stored in some kind of flash.
So right here for Arduino, when you type your C program or doing a program, you're going to start
in a flash and then it's going to send instructions to allow you to do operations like the store, bytes
to store, bits to perform GIBI Io's Jubei was actually of those pins that you see here.
Let's go back and see all of these pins right here.
These Io's, you are one, two or three.
You can read from sensors and you can activate motors and lamp's using these Io's this bridge here and
I elbridge here.
Same thing here.
The FPGA contains all your bridges here and here in order to communicate with other sensors and actuators.
So.
And Adreno basically contains a flashily rather than GPL, and any microcontroller actually contains
by the bare minimum for module's right here.
So you're right to program.
It's executed in Aliu.
If you need to store some stuff, it's going to be stored in the RAM.
If you're going to activate some of lab, it's going to be through these Giglio's.
So as we can see, the basic difference between an FPGA and an Arduino FPGA is a customized hardware
where you can design your own with hardware and create it on a chip.
And Arduino is an already designed hardware, so it's already contained and a you of Jubilo in the Flash
and all you can do is go grab this flash in order to use these tubules enabled you in order to, let's
say, activate motors and sensors.
So the basic difference is what I just said and FPGA, I could replicate all of this things multiple
times.
I mean, I could create this same architecture, but I could create multiple Aleuts Brulard on the left,
Mejía, and I could have my own microcontroller on an RPG.
Now let's jump briefly to Raspberry Pi.
It's much more powerful in terms of C.P.U.
It has a lot of memory, but it also contains a GPU.
This what makes it powerful.
Raspberry Pi is actually different from Arduino, even though it has a fixed architecture, same as
any microcontroller like Arduino.
But it still could be much more powerful because it can run and os it can run an operating system.
Now, an Arduino can not run the operating system and Arduino or you can do is just have your program
on Flash and let it execute.
But here are a little bit more complicated and we're not going to go into the complication of the hardware
of the super apply because it's a little bit on another level.
You need to understand threading.
You need to understand multicore.
You need to understand bargello design.
There is a lot of stuff that need to be understood before we can understand the whole architecture.
But I just summed it up to you briefly.
You have a flash and you run.
And this is all you need to know about the fixed architecture of the Raspberry Pi and the CPU here,
which is the elite, is much, much, much more powerful than the one of the Adreno.
So is the RAM.
It's much larger additional thing.
Raspberry Pi contains a wi fi module so that you can connect to your router and then you can connect
to multiple wireless devices.
Now, let us get into not MCU.
The not MCU is very, very, very similar to the Aldwin architecture, but it's a little bit more powerful
in terms of Ram and the and Flash, and it also contains a Wi-Fi module.
It's a still it has a flash and like you can write your program and let it execute, but it is mainly
used for Iot project and we're going to get deeper into that right now.
I just want you to understand right now that not MCO on Arduino are very similar.
The only difference is that it has Wi-Fi where you can communicate with other devices and it's much
less powerful than a Raspberry Pi because the rest of like a denser GPU, it wasn't always or an operating
system.
But here you just write instructions or a program and you execute against a Raspberry Pi.
You have something like Linux or Windows where you can write your own Python program C program C++.
You can open Internet.
So it's not really about creating a program to execute.
It's much more complex than that.
So this is not MCU.
We are talking about FPGA.
Not MCU, Old and Raspberry Pi.
Now let us talk about the last bit here, which is the p.l.c. HPLC could be something similar to Adreno
or it could be something similar to a Raspberry Pi.
It depends on the architecture.
HPLC actually is used in factories when you need to control a whole machine, when you need to control
some production line, you use the p.l.c. because at p.l.c. is much more robust and much more reliable
and sensitive and dangerous application.
Let's say that you have a nuclear reactor and if the reactor has some sensors, it has a lot of it has
a lot of chemical actuators.
All of this sensitive stuff needs some reliable microcontroller that guarantees that it won't fail in
the middle of operation causing a disaster.
So a p.l.c. is much larger in size and it is much more robust and reliable than regular microcontrollers.
So it's more concerned about safety.
Now, as I said, it could have an Aldwin architecture where you have assemble a flash from Aliyu or
it could have something like Raspberry's PI where you could run the whole operating system on and design
a lot of projects on p.l.c. throughout this course.
Additionally, it contains interfaces for both communication and this industrial communication like
modules, let's say like Rufina was.
They are used to connect with industrial sensors that are used in factories and production lines.
Now, this is a very, very brief introduction and I just wanted you to see the difference between these
devices and what kind of architecture it could have.
In the next upcoming lecture, we're going to go into details of the operation of every single device
we have talked about.
Are going to run projects.
We are going to design some really cool stuff.
So just stay tuned and follow me along this great, wonderful girls that is going to create some really
solid background about embedded systems and electronics in general.